A group of 17 elements essential for permanent magnets, wind turbines, EVs, defence systems, and electronics. China controls ~60% of mining and ~90% of processing globally.
Why it matters for India: India has the world's 5th largest rare earth reserves but processes very little domestically. Government policy is pushing GMDC, IREL, and private players to build processing capacity to reduce dependence on Chinese imports.
Sectors represented: Metals & Mining